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[1][2] Folic acid is the synthesized form of folate present in fortified foods andfoldato  Toxicity

PDF. Low folate intake, malabsorption as a. While several reports suggest an interaction of AA with folate (vitamin B9) in animals and humans, little is known about the. The clinical treatment of epilepsy includes. The ratio of mg to mcg is 1:1000. Increasing evidence indicates that folate plays an important role in the pathogenesis. 2 Humans obtain folate from dietary sources including fruits, green and leafy vegetables, yeast, and organ meats. The length of time folic acid is consumed before becoming pregnant. Folic acid supplementation and higher serum levels are associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. This type of B 12 deficiency anemia is called pernicious anemia. Your body does not store very much folic acid. During sample preparation and analysis, samples are identified by their sample ID. Hereditary folate malabsorption and other inborn errors of folate metabolism are rare causes. The body's reserves of folate, unlike vitamin B12, are low and only sufficient for around four months. Its biologically active forms ( tetrahydrofolate and others) are essential for nucleotide biosynthesis and homocysteine remethylation. Folate is important for a range of functions in the body. Shortness of breath. Folic acid is the supplemental form of folate. 96805-7. Back in 1998, the U. This review delves into the intricate relationship between excess folate (vitamin B9) intake, especially its synthetic form, namely, folic acid, and its implications. We first examined the metabolic signatures of each genotype individually. Resistance of malaria parasites to current. a. 2. 2284-8. gene. Folic acid is the synthetic version of folate found in supplement form and added to fortified foods. 16. The safe daily maximum amount of B9 is set at 1,000 micrograms. Page last reviewed: June 17, 2022. That’s because your body. Folate content per 1/2 cup (100g) Folate per 100 g. If you don’t get enough folate from whole foods in your diet, you may need to. For some, the downstream effects of these mutations can increase the risk of chronic health disease. Folate can be found in a variety of foods, including vegetables (especially dark leafy greens), fruits, beans, peas, eggs and some meats and. Cons. 5, Elfolate, L-Methylfolate Formula 15, L-Methylfolate Formula 7. Biscuits, plain or buttermilk, dry mix 1. From: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2020. m. Like the seven other variations of vitamin B, vitamin B9 is used to convert. Asparagus has anti-inflammatory properties and helps the brain's development and functioning. Folic acid is also essential in the production of red blood cells. There is a large body of evidence to suggest that improving periconceptional folate status reduces the risk of neonatal neural tube defects. 2023-11-18. This enzymatic deconjugation might limit the bioavailability of polyglutamate folate. This vitamin, also known as cobalamin, plays very similar roles to folate in your body. com. A 0. Folate is the natural form of vitamin B9 that the body needs to maintain its genetic building blocks, DNA and RNA. It is a folate substance that is stable when isolated. S. D52. It also contains the following. Folic acid is man-made (synthetic) folate. Cobalamin: Absorbed in the distal small intestine (specifically in the ileum). It is used for folic acid deficiency and as an antidote to folic acid antagonists. In addition to providing 215 mcg of folate per 3-ounce serving, beef liver also provides a decent amount of protein and more. Folate is a B vitamin that your body needs to work properly. 'slén · go s. 7 – 21. The current daily value (DV) for folate (Vitamin B9) is 400mcg. Following screening of titles and abstracts, 532 citations were excluded and six potentially relevant reports from the electronic search were retrieved for full-text review. El folato es una vitamina B que se encuentra naturalmente presente en muchos alimentos. The cycle of industrial synthesis of folic acid was developed in 1945. Nausea. Folic acid is a B vitamin. Both folate and folic acid—its synthetic form—are essential for healthy conception, fetal development, prevention of neural tube defects,. 9 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Full-Text. At very high doses, it’s also used to treat certain types of cancer. Folate is usually absorbed through the upper part of the small intestine. Our body cannot synthesize folate and due to its water-soluble nature, the body stores folate to a limited extent. whether your red blood cells are larger than normal. A total of 538 citations were identified in the literature search. For instance, I already would have folded 75 and 85. Folic acid is the synthetic version of the vitamin folate, also known as vitamin B9. ) Without L-methylfolate available, your methylation cycle struggles. If you think you have a folate deficiency, your doctor may ask about symptoms like fatigue and unexplained weakness. Folate, vitamin B12, and iron have crucial roles in erythropoiesis. In general, it has been recommended to take 400 micrograms (mcg), or 0. Folate deficiency anemia can occur when you don’t have enough vitamin B9 in your diet. Folate-deficiency anemia is the lack of folic acid in the blood. help your baby's brain, skull and spinal cord develop properly in pregnancy, to avoid development problems (called neural tube defects) such as spina bifida. Folate deficiency is common. Broccoli. Neoplasms / etiology. Findings include poor feeding, failure to thrive, and anemia. 5–3. To our knowledge the benefit of supplementing folic acid to dogs and cats with gastrointestinal disease and serum folate concentrations below the lower limit of the reference interval has not been clearly demonstrated. 0097130. . Vitamin B 12 requires intrinsic factor, a protein secreted by the parietal cells in. Minerals (especially taken in large doses) can cause side effects such as tooth staining, increased urination, stomach bleeding, uneven heart rate, confusion, and muscle weakness or limp feeling. In November 2022, Horticulture Research published a perspective entitled " Reduced γ-glutamyl hydrolase activity likely contributes to high folate levels in. Folic acid is the synthetic version of the vitamin folate, also known as vitamin B9. Get emergency medical help if you have signs of an allergic reaction to folic acid: hives, rash, itching, skin redness; wheezing, difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. A level of < 140 mcg/L or ng/mL ( < 305 nmol/L) indicates inadequate status. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. Irritability. In a study published in the journal Fertility and Sterility, men were given 5 mg of folic acid and 66 mg of zinc a day for 26 weeks. Low folate intake, malabsorption as a. 5 with sodium hydroxide 10%; add sufficient quantity of purified water to make 100 mL; mix well. Folate, RBC - Folate levels have diagnostic significance in nutritional deficiencies, especially in cases of severe alcoholism, function damage to the upper third of small bowel, pregnancy and various forms of megoblastic anemia. It's also known for supporting women's reproductive health*. EnLyte Description. Upsides. 3 Folate is absorbed through the small intestine and stored in the liver. Vitamin D is of ongoing research interest, stemming in part from our relatively recent discovery of vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in almost every system in the body. Its key function in folate metabolism and as a drug target for cancer, for antibacterial, antimalarial, and other antiparasitic drugs, makes DHFR one of the most thoroughly studied enzymes, and there is a wealth of information on the genetics, the biochemistry, primary, secondary, and 3D structures available, as well as on DHFR. 1. If serum folate is < 3 mcg/L or ng/mL ( < 7 nmol/L), deficiency is likely. Contains <2% of: Silica, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate. Methotrexate blocks some of the actions of folic acid, which can lead to side effects such as mouth sores, abdominal pain, liver problems, hair loss, and anemia. Second, the pteridine portion of folate is made from GTP and coupled. 4% DV. Getting enough folic acid before and during pregnancy can prevent major birth defects of her baby's brain or spine. High folate foods include beans, lentils, asparagus, spinach, broccoli, avocado, mangoes, lettuce, sweet corn, oranges, and whole wheat bread. 0070356. Folic acid can also help prevent other side effects of the drug, including nausea, vomiting. Folic acid is a B vitamin. Folinic Acid. 194. 1016/B978-0-7020-4087-0. It may result from inadequate intake, malabsorption, or use of various drugs. Sleep disturbances. Folate (folic acid) is one of the B group of vitamins found in small amounts in many foods. The units mg and mcg stand for milligrams and micrograms, respectively. fold. L-methylfolate is the biologically active form of vitamin B9. Folate is an essential B vitamin found in fruits, vegetables (especially dark green leafy vegetables), and legumes. pale skin. In addition, differences. Folate, Serum - Folic acid deficiency is common in pregnant women, alcoholics, in patients whose diets do not include raw fruits and vegetables, and in people with structural damage to the small intestine. Folate has been studied extensively due to its role. Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, Kashmir 190006, India. The Centers for Disease Control asserts that folic acid fortification in cereal grain products has helped to prevent 1,300. 1. Table of Contents. If you can get pregnant or are pregnant, folic acid is especially important. Folic acid supplements may come in different forms (such as L- methylfolate. These tests check: whether you have a lower level of haemoglobin (a substance that transports oxygen) than normal. Folate bioavailability from different foods is co. A deficiency of vitamin B12 can occur as a result of nutritional deficiency, reduced absorption due to altered gastrointestinal anatomy or function, or due to the intake of certain drugs. It. EnLyte® is a medical food for use only under medical supervision to assist MTHFR SNP (IEMs) and methylation coenzyme cofactor deficiency patients in the clinical dietary management of depression and is specially formulated to meet the distinctive nutritional requirements for these patients. Nutrition. Response 2: A person is active, alert, and starts to feel great, but unpleasant symptoms such as anger, intense muscle aches, joint pain, and anxiety appear in the second week. 194. 2012 ]. In addition, differences. The nutrient is crucial during early pregnancy to reduce the risk of birth defects of the brain and spine. Folate is the generic term for both naturally occurring food folate and folic acid, the fully oxidized monoglutamate form of the vitamin that is used in dietary supplements and fortified foods. Folate is vitamin B9 in its natural form, while folic acid is a synthetic version of vitamin B9. Folate Deficiency. , registered dietitian. 7 x mcg folic acid). The metabolism of folic acid and the metabolism of vitamin B12 are intimately linked such that deficiency of either vitamin leads to. It participates in important single-carbon transfer reactions often referred to as one-carbon metabolism and in synthesizing. The. Pork Chops (Lean) (Pork Fresh Loin Sirloin (Chops) Bone-In Separable Lean Only Cooked Braised) 6oz chop. CDC recommends that women of reproductive age who could become pregnant consume at least 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. Nevertheless, toxicity is rare. The hydroxymethyl group of serine is a major source of one-carbon units, which are generated in the mitochondria in the form of formate via SHMT2, or in the cytoplasm through the activity of SHMT1 or. Folic acid—from supplements and fortified foods—has been proven to reduce NTDs. It is a man-made vitamin that is found in supplements and is added to foods such as breakfast cereals and reduced-fat spreads. Side Effects. Epilepsy is a syndrome caused by transient cerebral dysfunction due to human brain electrical activity disorder and is a common nervous system disease with a worldwide prevalence of 7. The folate receptor (FR) is overexpressed in many epithelial tumors and has been established as a tumor cellular-surface marker for targeted drug delivery [ Teng et al. This is why many people opt for a folate supplement. The chemical formula of folic acid is C 19 H 19 N 7 O 6. Summary. The current recommendations are that these women consume 4,000 mcg of folic acid each day beginning 1 month before becoming pregnant and through the first 3 months of pregnancy. Introduction. Consequently, antifolates inhibit cell. 4 milligrams (mg) of folic acid per day starting at least one month before a pregnancy. This review sought to evaluate whether the red cell assay demonstrated superior performance characteristics to justify these disadvantages. Lentils are an excellent source of folate. Folic acid supports healthy growth and development. Infants with hereditary folate malabsorption are born with normal amounts of folates in their. 1. El folato es una vitamina B que se encuentra naturalmente presente en muchos alimentos. Folate deficiency is when your blood lacks the amount of vitamin B9 (folate) it needs to function properly. The DV for folate is 400 mcg DFE for adults and children age 4 years and older [ 11 ], where mcg DFE = mcg naturally occurring folate + (1. When used at the appropriate dose, folic acid is safe for most adults. Folic acid is a crucial nutrient during pregnancy. Folic acid is more heat-stable than natural food folate, which is broken down easily by heat and light; therefore, folic acid is better suited for food fortification because many fortified products, such as bread, are baked 8. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM D52. Legumes. 3–5 Administered. Because normal mammalian development is dependent on DNA methylation, there is enormous interest in assessing the potential for changes in folate intake to modulate. But it's still essential to make sure you get enough folate. Folic acid also plays a role in protein metabolism and helps reduce. Folate is a B vitamin, also called Bg or folacin. Makes DNA. It’s also needed for making red blood cells. problems with balance and coordination. The DV for folate is 400 mcg DFE for adults and children age 4 years and older [ 11 ], where mcg DFE = mcg naturally occurring folate + (1. Signs and symptoms of folate deficiency. This means you are unable to store the vitamin over time and it is excreted in the urine. Medically reviewed by Drugs. FOL. 05 mg/mL Oral Solution. To consume 400 mcg of DFE, you could eat 400 mcg. Red cell folate, but not serum folate,. 4 Globally, the most common cause for anemia of pregnancy is iron deficiency, arising from maternal-fetal transfer of iron, frequently aggravated by decreased maternal iron reserves. 4 milligrams (mg) of folic acid per day starting at least one month before a pregnancy. Women need 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid every day. 52 nanomoles per liter (nmol/L). Cabbage is especially high in vitamin C, a potent antioxidant that may protect against heart disease, certain cancers, and vision loss ( 7, 8, 9 ). If you can get pregnant or are pregnant, folic acid is especially important. Ferguson è andato all in e il suo avversario ha. whether your red blood cells are larger than normal. Folate helps to form DNA and RNA and is involved in protein metabolism. Any abnormalities in the levels of Folate in the blood can lead to birth defects in the baby like. Iron and folate are essential nutrients our body needs to maintain optimal health. If intake has changed, erythrocyte (red blood cell) folate level better reflects tissue stores. The meaning of FOLO is follow-up. Near that moment, Spies demonstrated the ability of folic acid to produce a prompt hematologic response in many cases of macrocytic anemia except those assessed to be “pernicious” [ 1 ]. It is divided into. Liver, green vegetables and legumes are good sources of folate. However, folate is water-soluble, meaning the body does not store it, and you need to replenish it regularly through your diet. 4. 2014 Jan 1;533 (1):11-20. 2013. For more see the complete list of over 200 foods high in folate. This has led to the development of a number of FR-targeted agents, including anti-FR monoclonal antibodies, FR-binding ADCs, and folic acid (FA)-based SMDC (FA-SMDC). Folic acid is a synthetic version of the B vitamin folate, which naturally occurs in leafy greens. Those who took the folic acid saw improvements in just about every aspect of cognitive function, from memory to information processing and verbal fluency. Folic acid is found in enriched cereal grains such as rice, pasta and bread. 09. Folic acid safety, interactions, and effects on other outcomes. Taking folic acid during treatment can help replenish these stores and ease side. A folate test measures the amount of folate in the blood. Cell-mediated immunity is especially affected. Folate, RBC. Folates are important cofactors in the transfer and utilization of one-carbon-groups and play a key role in the remethylation of methionine thus providing essential methyl groups for numerous biological reactions. Smooth and tender tongue. This potent formula contains 800 mcg DFE of folinic acid per capsule, and 1,360 mcg DFE per delicious lozenge. , population prevalence of folate deficiency or insufficiency) in WRA was conducted by a reference librarian for articles published between January 2000 and June 2017. Electronic address: faakhra. 5 The. Folate is usually absorbed through the upper part of the small intestine. u-net. 7 x mcg folic acid). Low vitamin B9 is also linked with an increased risk of several chronic health conditions, including depression, heart disease, birth defects, and cancer. The Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND) project is designed to provide evidence-based advice to anyone with an interest in the role of nutrition in health. In this review, we provide insight on the relationship between folate and lipid metabolism, and an outlook for the future of lipid-related folate research. Uses of Folate. Supplementation with L-methylfolate may overcome the folate metabolism problems seen in. Both are important for pregnancy. Irritability. That means it is the form the human body can actually use in circulation. Methotrexate can lower folate stores in the body. growth problems. Content source:  National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Legumes. Alterations in immune system functions could lead to decreased resistance to infections, as commonly observed in folate-deficient humans and animals. Folic acid is a synthetic (human-made) form of folate. Best Budget Folic Acid Supplement: NatureMade Folic Acid. Folic acid taken at or up to the. 2023-11-18. Folic acid for pregnancy. Definition of follado in the Definitions. Red blood cells carry. Near that moment, Spies demonstrated the ability of folic acid to produce a prompt hematologic response in many cases of macrocytic anemia except those assessed to be “pernicious” [ 1 ]. Medically reviewed by Erin Hinga, M. growth problems. com. Confusion. Buy Jarrow Formulas Extra Strength Methyl B-12 1000 mcg & Methyl Folate 400 mcg + P-5-P, Dietary Supplement for Cellular Energy Metabolism and Cardiovascular Support, 100 Chewable Tablets, 100 Day Supply on. Folate metabolism, which supports a broader set of transformations known as one-carbon (1C) metabolism, is a universal metabolic process that serves to activate and transfer 1C units for biosynthetic processes including purine and thymidine synthesis and homocysteine remethylation. Foods with folic acid in them include: Asparagus. Vitamins / pharmacology. (400 mcg folic acid) Directions: For adults, take one (1) tablet up to two (2) times daily, preferably with meals. Dietary folate consists of monoglutamate and polyglutamate folate species. You need a regular fresh supply to keep healthy. Folate is an essential water-soluble vitamin, naturally present in food, especially in fruits, green leafy vegetables, and liver. 666 mcg DFE 167%. Folate occurs naturally in a range of foods, while folic acid is synthetic and present in fortified foods. 2017 Feb;71 (2):159-163. Easily compare up to 40 drugs with our drug interaction checker. The sample ID is a number that is unique to each sample that links the laboratory information to demographic dataDNA methylation is an epigenetic modification critical to normal genome regulation and development. Folic acid side effects. Deficiency of folate is common, with studies suggesting prevalence of deficiencyas high as 85. Tiredness, fatigue and lethargy. 7 to 17. The review includes a brief discussion of the inhibition of folate biosynthesis by sulfa drugs. For women who may get pregnant, it is really important. These foods are also excellent sources of other health-promoting nutrients associated with chronic disease. The nutrient is crucial during early pregnancy to reduce the risk. Folic acid may reduce the risk of preterm birth. Sleep disturbances. Folate is a type of water-soluble B-complex vitamin, also known as vitamin B9. 7 x mcg folic acid). Vitamin B9 (folate) is an essential vitamin that helps your body form red blood cells and DNA, which are the building blocks of your body. com FREE SHIPPING on qualified ordersAll individuals with documented vitamin B12 and/or folate deficiency should be treated, unless there is a strong reason not to do so (eg, palliative care setting or patient refusal). problems with balance and coordination. It is a dicarboxylic acid dianion and a member of folates. 6 Å resolution and elucidate the critical residues for substrate recognition. Decreased Serum Folate. In foods and in the body folates are usually in the reduced form (tetrahydrofolate, or THF) and conjugated with up to seven glutamate residues and one of several types of one-carbon groups. We conclude that measurement of folate in packed RBC is a practical approach in assessing long-term folate status in field-based and or larger scale epidemiological studies where an immediate access to a laboratory is unavailable for necessary sample processing for the routine RBC folate assay. If you do not have enough folic acid you may become anaemic. lentils. Silicon Valley, California, US. * Component test codes cannot be used to order tests. Chickpeas are a type of legume, also known as garbanzo beans. This shortage affects red blood cell production and causes weakness and fatigue. Folic acid is an N-acyl-amino acid that is a form of the water -soluble vitamin B9. Folic. Oranges. Hereditary folate malabsorption and other inborn errors of folate metabolism are rare causes. Vitamin B12 or B9 (commonly called folate) deficiency anaemia occurs when a lack of vitamin B12 or folate causes the body to produce abnormally large red blood cells that cannot function properly. A folate blood test checks if you have enough folate. These include calcium, iodine, magnesium, zinc, omega-3 DHA and EPA, all eight B vitamins, and vitamins A, C, and D. Folate occurs naturally in food, but is called ‘folic acid’ when it comes in the form of a food additive or supplement. weight loss and loss of appetite. Of these, broccoli is particularly high in folate, with 1 cup of the cooked vegetable containing 168 mcg. Folates participate in numerous one-carbon transfer reactions, including the methylation of important biomolecules (lipids, amino acids,. Folate is an essential B vitamin that our body uses to create new proteins and cells, and break down old ones to keep us healthy. 1016/B978-0-7020-4087-0. Folic acid may decrease the excretion rate of Tasimelteon which could result in a higher serum level. Malaria is still a complex and lethal parasitic infectious disease, despite the availability of effective antimalarial drugs. Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. May accelerate age-related mental decline. Folate metabolism, considered the core of a broader set of transformations known as one-carbon (1C) metabolism, allows the transfer of 1C units for biosynthetic purposes such as de novo synthesis. Dry Pork And Beef Salami (Salami Dry Or Hard Pork Beef) 1 slice. The meaning of FOLATE is folic acid. A normal range for vitamin B-12 is 200 to 900 ng/mL and the normal range for folic acid is 2. Like the seven other variations of vitamin B, vitamin B9 is used to convert. Folic acid is better suited for food fortification because many fortified products, such as bread and pasta, are cooked. In turn, this could increase your risk of brain and nervous system damage. ( 4) Below are the 10 best foods high in folate. Folic acid supplements may come in different forms (such as L- methylfolate. Folate, also known as vitamin B 9 and folacin, is one of the B vitamins. Folate deficiency classically presents as megaloblastic anemia, with absence of neurologic signs. 00061-9. Folate occurs naturally in a range of foods, while folic acid is synthetic and present in fortified foods. Mouth sores. You don’t need to consume more than 400 mcg of folic. 05 mg/mL folic acid oral solution may be prepared using the injectable formulation (5 mg/mL). Gene polymorphisms may impact risk in certain ethnic groups. The systems involving folate and cobalamin have several features in common: 1) their dietary forms require luminal digestion for absorption; 2) intestinal bacteria in the upper intestine synthesize and utilize both vitamins, creating possible competition for the nutrients; 3) there is one major intestinal brush border protein essential for absorption; 4) both are. It helps the body make healthy new cells. Symptoms include: 10. Folic acid protects unborn babies against serious birth defects. The recommended daily dosage of folic acid for adult men and women is 400 micrograms (mcg). Headquarters. The chemical formula of folic acid is C 19 H 19 N 7 O 6. Serum folate measures, obtained after. Taken together, our data suggests patients with triple negative cancers expressing high FOLR1 expression represent an important population of patients that may benefit from targeted anti-FOLR1. ### Key learning points Methotrexate is a first-line, conventional, synthetic, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. A number of general principles apply to both vitamin B12 and folate deficiency. It is also added to foods and sold as a supplement in the form of folic acid; this form is actually better absorbed than that from food sources—85% vs. The folate biosynthetic pathway can be divided into two sections. It is needed to absorb vitamin B 12. A 0. Folate is found naturally in foods such as. FDA approves pafolacianine for identifying malignant ovarian cancer lesions. Folate is essential for the body to make DNA and RNA, and use the amino acids needed for cell division. Clinical Significance. Here are seven key differences: Digestion: Folate is processed in your small intestine. It is clear, however, that folate is involved in an array of vital metabolic processes and that deficiency, or in some cases, inadequate intake, lead to an array of negative health outcomes. So this particular chemical is truly essential for life. Megaloblastic Anemia. pins and needles. Common folic acid side effects may include: nausea, loss of appetite; bloating, gas, stomach pain; Folic acid may reduce the risk of preterm birth. The man-made folic acid is a diet supplement which the body converts to folate. Everyone needs folate, but it is especially important during pregnancy because of its role in preventing birth. S. The decision to fortify cereals and bread products with folic acid was made in order to help prevent neural tube defects. As a precursor of various cofactors. It is caused by one of the following: Lack of intrinsic factor. Folic acid is a form of folate (a B vitamin) that everyone needs. Folate, with vitamin B 12, is essential for DNA synthesis, which is required for normal red blood cell maturation. Folic acid (the human-made version of folate or vitamin B9) is an essential B vitamin the body needs to form red and white blood cells. Similar to other members of the legume family, chickpeas are rich in protein, fiber, and various nutrients. 000810. Folate is found in food while folic acid is used in supplements and added to fortified foods. Common symptoms of folate deficiency can include: 2 4. Deplin is a medical food for use in people who have conditions related to folate deficiency. Cobalamin is required for maintenance of normal physiologic functions, including nucleic acid synthesis, amino acid metabolism, intestinal epithelial function, central nervous system maintenance, and hematopoiesis. Response 2: A person is active, alert, and starts feeling wonderful.